Transport devices often costly relative to incomes

 

Many local transport solutions are cheap relative to motor options, but expensive relative to local incomes. High cost limits adoption. People who can purchase, through savings or credit, find intermediate means of transport are a good investment, due to the profitability of transport, marketing and hiring out.

Strong but expensive horses with a wagon in South Africa

 

A simple bicycle is expensive relative to household incomes in Madagascar. However, if funds can be obtained to purchase a bicycle, it can be used to generate income. In this case the men are using their bicycles to sell milk.

 

A family assembling a very simple wooden cart in Zimbabwe. This cart is not as efficient or as long-lasting as one with pneumatic tyres, but it is much more affordable.